Peer Reviewed Publications

  1. Stella Jes Varghese, Sajani Surendran, K. Rajendran, Subimal Ghosh, Akio Kitoh and Ashok Karumuri 2024: Precipitation scaling in extreme rainfall events and the implications for future Indian monsoon: Analysis of high-resolution global climate model simulations. Geophysical Research Letters 51, e2023GL1056, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105680 [Abstract] [Article] [Supplementary File]
  2. Priyanshi Singhai, Arindam Chakraborty, K. Rajendran, and Sajani Surendran 2023: Why is the Indian summer monsoon in CFSv2 hypersensitive to moisture exchange with the Pacific Ocean?. Climate Dynamics, 61, 4515-4531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06815-6 [Abstract] [Download] [Supplementary File]
  3. Sajani Surendran, Ajay Anand K. V., Suraj Ravindran, and K. Rajendran 2022: Exacerbation of Indian summer monsoon breaks by the indirect effect of regional dust aerosols. Geophysical Research Letters, , 49 (20), e2022GL101106. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101106. [Abstract] [Article] [Supplementary File]
  4. K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, Stella Jes Varghese and Anjali Sathyanath 2022: Simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall, interannual variability and teleconnections: Evaluation of CMIP6 models. Climate Dynamics, 58, 2693-2723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06027-w. [Abstract] [Download] [Supplementary File]
  5. Toshiro Inoue, K. Rajendran, Masaki Satoh and Hiroaki Miura 2021: On the semidiurnal variation of surface rainfall over the tropics in a global cloud resolving model simulation and satellite observations. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan , 99 (5), 1371-1388, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2021-066. Special Edition on DYAMOND: The DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains. [Graphical Abstract] [Download PDF] [Supplementary File]
    Toshiro Inoue, K. Rajendran, Masaki Satoh and Hiroaki Miura 2021: Dataset for "On the semidiurnal variation of surface rainfall over the tropics in a global cloud resolving model simulation and satellite observations." Meteorological Society of Japan. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.34474/data.jmsj.16616554 [Link]
  6. K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, Stella Jes Varghese and Arindam Chakraborty 2021: Do seasonal forecasts of Indian summer monsoon rainfall show better skill with February initial conditions? Current Science, , 120(12), 1863-1874. doi:10.18520/cs/v120/i12/1863-1874 [Download PDF]
  7. C.B. Jayasankar, K. Rajendran and Sajani Surendran 2021: Does increasing the spatial resolution in dynamical downscaling impact climate change projection of Indian summer monsoon, population and GDP? Theoretical and Applied Climatology 145, 441-453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03633-w. [Abstract] [Download] [Supplementary File]
  8. C.B. Jayasankar, K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran and K.V. Ajay Anand 2021: High-resolution Climate Change Projection of Northeast Monsoon Rainfall over Peninsular India. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4017, 147(737), 2197-2211. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  9. V.B. Arya, Sajani Surendran and K. Rajendran 2021: On the build-up of dust aerosols and possible indirect effect during Indian summer monsoon break spells using recent satellite observations of aerosols and cloud properties. Journal of Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01526-6, 130, 42. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  10. Stella Jes Varghese, Sajani Surendran, B. Ajithkumar, K. Rajendran and Akio Kitoh 2020: Future changes in rice yield over Kerala using climate change scenario from high resolution global climate model projection. Journal of Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01459-0, 129, 192. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  11. Stella Jes Varghese, Sajani Surendran, K. Rajendran and Akio Kitoh 2020: Future projections of Indian Summer Monsoon under multiple RCPs using a high resolution global climate model multiforcing ensemble simulations. Climate Dynamics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05059-7, 54, 1315-1328. [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Supplementary File]
  12. Sulochana Gadgil, K. Rajendran and D.S. Pai 2019: A new rain-based index for the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Mausam, 70 (3), 485--500. [Download PDF]
  13. K. Rajendran, Sulochana Gadgil and Sajani Surendran 2019: Monsoon Season Local Control on Precipitation over Warm Tropical Oceans. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, doi:10.1007/s00703-018-0649-7, 131, 1451-1465. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  14. Sajani Surendran, Sulochana Gadgil, K. Rajendran, Stella Jes Varghese and A. Kitoh 2019: Monsoon rainfall over India in June and link with northwest tropical pacific- June ISMR and link with northwest tropical pacific. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2440-6, 135 (3-4), 1195-1213. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  15. C.B. Jayasankar, K. Rajendran and Sajani Surendran 2018: Monsoon Climate Change Projection for the Orographic West Coast of India using High Resolution Nested Dynamical Downscaling Model. Journal of Geophysical Research- Atmospheres, , doi:10.1029/2018JD028677, 123 (15), 7821--7838. [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Supplementary File]
  16. Supantha Paul, Subimal Ghosh, K. Rajendran and Raghu Murtugudde 2018: Moisture supply from the Western Ghat forests to water deficit east coast of India. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(9), doi:10.1029/2018GL078198, 45, 4337--4344. [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Supplementary File]
  17. K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, A. Kitoh and Stella Jes Varghese 2016: Reduction of uncertainty associated with future changes in Indian summer monsoon projected by climate models and assessment of monsoon teleconnections. Proceedings of SPIE (ISSN 1996 756X), doi:10.1117/12.2229392, 98820D. [Article]
  18. Sajani Surendran, K. Rajendran and V.B. Arya 2016: Precipitation-aerosol relationship over the Indian region during drought and excess summer monsoon years. Proceedings of SPIE (ISSN 1996 756X), doi:10.1117/12.2229447, 98820Q. [Article]
  19. C.B. Jayasankar, Sajani Surendran and K. Rajendran, 2015: Robust signals of future projections of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by IPCC AR5 climate models: Role of seasonal cycle and interannual variability. Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), doi:10.1002/2015GL063659, 42(9), 3513--3520. [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Supplementary File]
  20. K. Shashikanth, C.G. Madhusoodhanan, S. Ghosh, T.I. Eldho, K. Rajendran and Raghu Murtugudde, 2014: Comparing statistically downscaled simulations of Indian monsoon at different spatial resolutions. Journal of Hydrology (ISSN 0022 1694), doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.042, 519, Part D, 3163--3177. [Abstract]
  21. K. Shashikanth, K. Salvi, S. Ghosh and K. Rajendran, 2013: Do CMIP5 Simulations of Indian summer Monsoon Rainfall Differ from those of CMIP3? Atmospheric Science Letters (ISSN 1530 261X), doi: 10.1002/asl2.466, 15(2), 79-85, [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  22. K. Rajendran, S. Sajani, C.B. Jayasankar and A. Kitoh, 2013: How dependent is climate change projection of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and extreme events on model resolution? Current Science (ISSN 0011 3891), 104 (10), 1409-1418. [Download PDF]
  23. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh and J. Srinivasan, 2013: Effect of SST variation on ITCZ in APE simulations. Journal Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), doi:10.2151/jmsj.2013-A06, 91A, 195--215 pp. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  24. D. L. Williamson, M. Blackburn, K. Nakajima, W. Ohfuchi, Y. O. Takahashi, Y-Y. Hayashi, H. Nakamura, M. Ishiwatari, J. McGregor, H. Borth, V. Wirth, H. Frank, P. Bechtold, N. P. Wedi, H. Tomita, M. Satoh, M. Zhao, I. M. Held, M. J. Suarez, M-I. Lee, M. Watanabe, M. Kimoto, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, A. Molod, K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh and R. Stratton, 2013: The Aqua Planet Experiment (APE): Response to changed meridional SST profile. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), doi:10.2151/jmsj.2013-A03, 91A, 57--89 pp. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  25. M. Blackburn, D. L. Williamson, K. Nakajima, W. Ohfuchi, Y. O. Takahashi, Y-Y. Hayashi, H. Nakamura, M. Ishiwatari, J. McGregor, H. Borth, V. Wirth, H. Frank, P. Bechtold, N. P. Wedi, H. Tomita, M. Satoh, M. Zhao, I. M. Held, M. J. Suarez, M-I. Lee, M. Watanabe, M. Kimoto, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, A. Molod, K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh and R. Stratton, 2013: The Aqua Planet Experiment (APE): CONTROL SST Simulation. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), doi:10.2151/jmsj.2013-A02, 91A, 17--56 pp. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  26. R. Krishnan, T.P. Sabin, D.C. Ayantika, A. Kitoh, M. Sugi, H. Murakami, A.G. Turner, J.M. Slingo and K. Rajendran, 2013: Will the South Asian monsoon overturning circulation stabilize any further? Climate Dynamics (ISSN 0930-7575), doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1317-0, 40, 187--211. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  27. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh, J. Srinivasan, R. Mizuta and R. Krishnan 2012: Monsoon circulation interaction with Western Ghats orography under changing climate- Projection by a 20-km mesh AGCM. Theoretical and Applied Climatology (ISSN: 0177-798X), DOI: 10.1007/s00704-012-0690-2, 110(4), 555--571. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  28. T. Inoue, K. Rajendran, M. Satoh, H. Miura and J. Schmetz 2012: Semi-diurnal variation of surface rainfall studied from global cloud-system resolving model and satellite observations Proceedings of SPIE (ISSN 1996 756X), 85290, doi:10.1117/12.977609. [Article] [Download PDF]
  29. Sajani S. , K. Krishna Moorthy, K. Rajendran and Ravi S. Nanjundiah, 2012: Monsoon sensitivity to aerosol direct radiative forcing in the Community Atmospheric Model. J. Earth System Sciences (ISSN 0253 2143), 121 (4), 867--889. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  30. K. Rajendran, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, Sulochana Gadgil and J. Srinivasan, 2012: How good are the simulations of tropical SST-rainfall relationship by IPCC AR4 atmospheric and coupled models? Journal of Earth System Sciences (ISSN 0253 2143), 121 (3), 595--610. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  31. T. Inoue, D. Vila, K. Rajendran, A. Hamada, X. Wu and L. Machado, 2009: Life cycle of deep convective system over the eastern tropical Pacific observed by TRMM and GOES-W. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), 87A, 381-391. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  32. T. Nakazawa and K. Rajendran, 2009: Interannual variability of tropical rainfall characteristics and the impact of the altitude boost from TRMM PR 3A25 data. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), 87A, 317-338. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  33. P. Liu, Y. Kajikawa, B. Wang, A. Kitoh, T. Yasunari, T. Li, H. Annamalai, X. Fu, K. Kikuchi, R. Mizuta, K. Rajendran, D.E. Waliser and D. Kim, 2009: Tropical intraseasonal variability in the MRI-20km60L AGCM. Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755), 22(8), 2006-2022. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  34. K. Rajendran and A. Kitoh, 2008: Indian summer monsoon in future climate projection by a super high resolution global model. Current Science (ISSN 0894-8755), 95(11), 1560-1569. [Download PDF]
  35. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh, R. Mizuta, S. Sajani and T. Nakazawa, 2008: High Resolution Simulation of Mean Convection and its Intraseasonal Variability over the Tropics in MRI/JMA 20-km Mesh AGCM. Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755), 21(15), 3722--3739. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  36. S. Sajani, T. Nakazawa, A. Kitoh and K. Rajendran, 2007: Ensemble simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by an atmospheric general circulation model. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), 85(3), 213--231. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  37. T. Nakazawa and K. Rajendran, 2007: Relationship between Tropospheric Circulation over the Western North Pacific and Tropical Cyclone Approach/Landfall on Japan. J. Meteorological Society of Japaan (ISSN 0026-1165), 85(2), 101--114. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  38. K. Rajendran and A. Kitoh, 2006: Modulation of tropical intraseasonal oscillations by Ocean-Atmosphere coupling. Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755), 19(2), 366--391. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  39. T. Nakazawa and K. Rajendran, 2006: Relationship between Tropospheric Circulation fields over the Western North Pacific and Tropical Cyclone Approach/Landfall to Japan. Kaiyo Monthly (ISSN 0387-3498), 38(10) (in Japanese). [Article]
  40. K. Rajendran and T. Nakazawa, 2005: Systematic differences between TRMM 3G68 PR and TMI rainfall estimates: Possible association with life cycle of convection. Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere (ISSN 1349 6476), Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, doi:10.2151/sola.2005-043, 165--168, 1, 165--168. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  41. T.N. Krishnamurti, P. Cunningham and K. Rajendran, 2005: Anomalous gradient winds in the subtropical jet stream and interpretations of forecast failures. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (ISSN 0177-7971) , doi: 10.1007/s00703-004-0075-x, 88(3-4), 237--250. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  42. K. Rajendran, T. N. Krishnamurti, V. Misra and W.-K. Tao, 2004: An empirical cumulus parameterization scheme for a Global Spectral Model. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), 82 (4), 989--1006. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  43. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh and O. Arakawa, 2004: Monsoon low frequency intraseasonal oscillation and ocean-atmosphere coupling over the Indian Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), doi:10.1029/2003GL019031, 31(2), L02210. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  44. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh and S. Yukimoto, 2004: South and East Asian summer monsoon climate and variation in MRI Coupled Model (MRI-CGCM2). Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755), 17 (4), 763--782. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  45. T.N. Krishnamurti, T.S.V. Kumar, K. Rajendran and A. Hopkins, 2003: Antecedents of the flooding over south-eastern England during October 2000. Weather (ISSN 1477 8696), 58, 367--370. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  46. T.N. Krishnamurti, K. Rajendran, T.S.V. Kumar, Stephen Lord, Zoltan Toth, Xiaolei Zou, Steven Cocke, Jon E. Ahlquist and I. Michael Navon, 2003: Improved skill for the anomaly correlation of geopotential heights at 500 hPa. Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644), 131 (6) , 1082--1102. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  47. K. Rajendran, Ravi S. Nanjundiah and J. Srinivasan, 2002: The impact of surface hydrology on the simulation of tropical intraseasonal oscillation in NCAR (CCM2) atmospheric GCM. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan (ISSN 0026-1165), 80, 1357--1381. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  48. T.N. Krishnamurti, Mukul Tewari, K. Rajendran and Sulochana Gadgil, 2002: A heavy winter monsoon rainfall episode influenced by easterly waves, a westerly trough, blocking and the ITCZ. Weather (ISSN 1477 8696), 57, 367--370. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  49. K. Rajendran, Ravi S. Nanjundiah and J. Srinivasan, 2002: Comparison of seasonal and intraseasonal variation of tropical climate in NCAR CCM2 GCM with two different cumulus schemes. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (ISSN 0177-7971), 79, 57--86. [Abstract] [Download PDF]
  50. B.N. Goswami, K. Rajendran and D. Sengupta, 1997: Source of seasonality and scale dependence of predictability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644), 125, 846--858. [Abstract] [Download PDF]

Book Chapters/Books

  1. Sulochana Gadgil, Francis P. A., K. Rajendran, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, and Suryachandra Rao 2021: Role of Land-Ocean Contrast in the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall.
    In: The Multiscale Global Monsoon System (Ed. C.-P. Chang), World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, Volume 11, https://doi.org/10.1142/11723 [Download PDF] .

  2. Akio Kitoh, Elsa Mohino, Yihui Ding, Kavirajan Rajendran, Tercio Ambrizzi, Jose Marengo, and Victor Magana 2021: Combined Oceanic Influences on Continental Climates.
    In: Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins: Observations, Mechanisms, Predictability, and Impacts (Ed. Carlos R. Mechoso), Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9781108492706 [Download PDF]

  3. Kavirajan Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, and Stella Jes Varghese 2020: Multiforcing ensemble projection based climate change information over Kerala for adaptation strategies.
    In: Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology and Fisheries (Ed. Kurup B. M.), Narendra Publishing House, ISBN: 9789390309115 [Download PDF]

  4. Sajani Surendran, K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh, and Ravi S Nanjundiah 2015: Assessment of Climate Change Projection for the State of Kerala.
    In: Weather and plant health management in Kerala (Eds: Rajasekharan P and C K Peethambaran), Kerala State Planning Board, Government of Kerala, pp 64-92.

  5. K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh, and Sajani Surendran 2014: Ultra-high resolution global model simulation of Indian summer monsoon and climate change projection for India: Towards a data intensive paradigm.
    In: Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change (Ed: J. Sundaresan, K. M. Santosh, A. Deri, R. Roggema, and Ramesh Singh), Geotechnologies and the Environment Series, Series Editors: J. D. Gatrell and R. R. Jensen, Springer,Volume 10, pp 219-238. [Link].

  6. Goswami B. N., Rajendran K, and Sengupta D 1995: On the seasonality of the predictability of ENSO. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, WMO/TD-No. 717, WCRP-No.91, Vol. II, pp 710-714. [Link].

Preprints

  1. Priyanshi Singhai, A. Chakraborty, K. Jana, K. Rajendran and Sajani Surendran 2023: The curious case of a strong relationship between ENSO and Indian summer monsoon in CFSv2 model. ESS Open Archive, August 4, DOI: 10.22541/essoar.169111727.70457243/v1. [Preprint]

  2. K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, Stella Jes Varghese and Anjali Sathyanath 2021: Simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall, interannual variability and teleconnections: Evaluation of CMIP6 models. Research Square, DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-242562/v1. [Preprint]

  3. K. Rajendran, Sajani Surendran, Stella Jes Varghese and Arindam Chakraborty 2021: Sensitivity of Indian summer monsoon rainfall forecast skill of CFSv2 model to initial conditions and the role of model biases.arXiv, DOI: arXiv:2101.07465v1, 19 January 2021. [Preprint]

Technical Reports/Technical Notes

  1. Williamson D. L., M. Blackburn, B. J. Hoskins, K. Nakajima, W. Ohfuchi, Y. O. Takahashi, Y. Y. Hayas hi, H. Nakamura, M. Ishiwatari, J. McGregor, H. Borth, V. Wirth, H. Frank, P. Bechtold, N. P. Wedi, H. Tomita, M. Satoh, M. Zhao, I. M. Held, M. J. Suarez, M. I. Lee, M. Watanabe, M. Kimoto, Y. Liu, Z . Wang, A. Molod, K. Rajendran, A. Kitoh, and R. Stratton 2012: The APE atlas, NCAR Technical Report, NCAR/TN-484+STR, NCAR, Boulder,Colorado, USA [Link].

Research Reports

  1. K. Rajendran, J. Srinivasan, and Ravi S. Nanjundiah, 2000: The impact of surface hydrology specification on systematic errors in the NCAR CCM2 simulation of tropical seasonal and intraseasonal variations. Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) Research Report No. 80, Melbourne, Australia, 149-151pp. [Link].